Music Therapy
Introduction
The use of music as a form of therapy is not new and dates back to Aristotle and Plato. Music therapy consists of various modalities including music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, music performance, and learning through music.
Music as a form of therapy is utilized to help optimize an individual's emotional well-being, physical health, social functioning, communication abilities, and cognitive skills.
For persons who have had a stroke, the use of music therapy as an effective means of treatment for upper and lower extremity functioning, upper extremity pain perception and mood and behaviour has been studied.
Authors*: Elissa Sitcoff, BA BSc; Sandy Landry, BSc OT; Virginie Bissonnette, BSc OT; Anne-Julie Laforest, BSc OT; Jolyann Lavoi, BSc OT; Valérie Parenteau, BSc OT; Annabel McDermott, OT; Nicol Korner-Bitensky, PhD OT
This is for test
Test Tag
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*high quality = PEDro score 6-10
*fair quality = PEDro score 4-5
*poor quality = PEDro score ≤ 3
The PEDro scale was developed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to determine the quality of clinical trials. The PEDro scale consists of a checklist of 10 scored yes-or-no questions pertaining to the internal validity and the statistical information provided. Please click on the link for more information: http://www.pedro.org.au/english/downloads/pedro-scale/
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness.
| 1a (Strong) | Well-designed meta-analysis, or 2 or more high quality RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) showing similar findings |
| 1b(Moderate) | 1 RCT of high quality (PEDro ≥ 6) |
| 2a (Limited) | At least 1 fair quality RCT (PEDro = 4-5) |
| 2b (Limited) | At least one poor quality RCT (PEDro < 4) or well-designed non-experimental study (non-randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies with multiple baselines, single subject series with multiple baselines, etc.) |
| 3(Consensus) | Agreement by an expert panel or a group of professionals in the field or a number of pre-post studies all with similar results |
| 4 (Conflicting) | Conflicting evidence of 2 or more equally well-designed studies |
| 5 (No evidence) | No well-designed studies - only case studies/case descriptions or cohort studies/single subject series with no multiple baselines) |
Patients between 1-6 months post-stroke are identified as in sub-acute stage of recovery.
| 1a (Strong) | Well-designed meta-analysis, or 2 or more high quality RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) showing similar findings |
| 1b(Moderate) | 1 RCT of high quality (PEDro ≥ 6) |
| 2a (Limited) | At least 1 fair quality RCT (PEDro = 4-5) |
| 2b (Limited) | At least one poor quality RCT (PEDro < 4) or well-designed non-experimental study (non-randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies with multiple baselines, single subject series with multiple baselines, etc.) |
| 3(Consensus) | Agreement by an expert panel or a group of professionals in the field or a number of pre-post studies all with similar results |
| 4 (Conflicting) | Conflicting evidence of 2 or more equally well-designed studies |
| 5 (No evidence) | No well-designed studies - only case studies/case descriptions or cohort studies/single subject series with no multiple baselines) |
Patients longer than 6 months post-stroke are identified as in chronic stage of recovery.
*high quality = PEDro score 6-10
*fair quality = PEDro score 4-5
*poor quality = PEDro score ≤ 3
The PEDro scale was developed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to determine the quality of clinical trials. The PEDro scale consists of a checklist of 10 scored yes-or-no questions pertaining to the internal validity and the statistical information provided. Please click on the link for more information: http://www.pedro.org.au/english/downloads/pedro-scale/
*high quality = PEDro score 6-10
*fair quality = PEDro score 4-5
*poor quality = PEDro score ≤ 3
The PEDro scale was developed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to determine the quality of clinical trials. The PEDro scale consists of a checklist of 10 scored yes-or-no questions pertaining to the internal validity and the statistical information provided. Please click on the link for more information: http://www.pedro.org.au/english/downloads/pedro-scale/
| 1a (Strong) | Well-designed meta-analysis, or 2 or more high quality RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) showing similar findings |
| 1b(Moderate) | 1 RCT of high quality (PEDro ≥ 6) |
| 2a (Limited) | At least 1 fair quality RCT (PEDro = 4-5) |
| 2b (Limited) | At least one poor quality RCT (PEDro < 4) or well-designed non-experimental study (non-randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies with multiple baselines, single subject series with multiple baselines, etc.) |
| 3(Consensus) | Agreement by an expert panel or a group of professionals in the field or a number of pre-post studies all with similar results |
| 4 (Conflicting) | Conflicting evidence of 2 or more equally well-designed studies |
| 5 (No evidence) | No well-designed studies - only case studies/case descriptions or cohort studies/single subject series with no multiple baselines) |
| 1a (Strong) | Well-designed meta-analysis, or 2 or more high quality RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) showing similar findings |
| 1b(Moderate) | 1 RCT of high quality (PEDro ≥ 6) |
| 2a (Limited) | At least 1 fair quality RCT (PEDro = 4-5) |
| 2b (Limited) | At least one poor quality RCT (PEDro < 4) or well-designed non-experimental study (non-randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies with multiple baselines, single subject series with multiple baselines, etc.) |
| 3(Consensus) | Agreement by an expert panel or a group of professionals in the field or a number of pre-post studies all with similar results |
| 4 (Conflicting) | Conflicting evidence of 2 or more equally well-designed studies |
| 5 (No evidence) | No well-designed studies - only case studies/case descriptions or cohort studies/single subject series with no multiple baselines) |
Patients less than a month post-stroke are identified as in acute stage of recovery.
Patients between 1-6 months post-stroke are identified as in sub-acute stage of recovery.
Patients less than a month post-stroke are identified as in acute stage of recovery.
Patients longer than 6 months post-stroke are identified as in chronic stage of recovery.
*high quality = PEDro score 6-10
*fair quality = PEDro score 4-5
*poor quality = PEDro score ≤ 3
The PEDro scale was developed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to determine the quality of clinical trials. The PEDro scale consists of a checklist of 10 scored yes-or-no questions pertaining to the internal validity and the statistical information provided. Please click on the link for more information: http://www.pedro.org.au/english/downloads/pedro-scale/
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness.
Patients between 1-6 months post-stroke are identified as in sub-acute stage of recovery.
Patients less than a month post-stroke are identified as in acute stage of recovery.
Patients longer than 6 months post-stroke are identified as in chronic stage of recovery.
| 1a (Strong) | Well-designed meta-analysis, or 2 or more high quality RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) showing similar findings |
| 1b(Moderate) | 1 RCT of high quality (PEDro ≥ 6) |
| 2a (Limited) | At least 1 fair quality RCT (PEDro = 4-5) |
| 2b (Limited) | At least one poor quality RCT (PEDro < 4) or well-designed non-experimental study (non-randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies with multiple baselines, single subject series with multiple baselines, etc.) |
| 3(Consensus) | Agreement by an expert panel or a group of professionals in the field or a number of pre-post studies all with similar results |
| 4 (Conflicting) | Conflicting evidence of 2 or more equally well-designed studies |
| 5 (No evidence) | No well-designed studies - only case studies/case descriptions or cohort studies/single subject series with no multiple baselines) |
*high quality = PEDro score 6-10
*fair quality = PEDro score 4-5
*poor quality = PEDro score ≤ 3
The PEDro scale was developed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to determine the quality of clinical trials. The PEDro scale consists of a checklist of 10 scored yes-or-no questions pertaining to the internal validity and the statistical information provided. Please click on the link for more information: http://www.pedro.org.au/english/downloads/pedro-scale/