Video Game Training – Upper Extremity

One fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Kong et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on functional independence in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TM upper extremity training, time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, or no additional upper extremity training; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Functional independence was measured by the Functional Independence Measure at post-treatment (3 weeks), and two follow-up time points (1 and 3 months post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at any time points.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, no additional training) in improving functional independence in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One fair quality RCT (Kong et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity pain in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TM upper extremity training, time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, or no additional upper extremity training; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale at post-treatment (3 weeks) and at two follow-up time points (1 and 3 months post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at any time points.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, no additional training) for reducing upper extremity pain in patients with acute stroke.

One fair quality RCT (Kong et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TM upper extremity training, time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, or no additional upper extremity training; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes were measured by the StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. Impact Scale – Upper Limb score at post-treatment (3 weeks), and at two follow-up points (1 and 3 months). No significant between-group differences were found at any time points.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, no additional training) in improving strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One fair quality RCT (Kong et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity motor function in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TM upper extremity training, time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, or no additional upper extremity training; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. UE motor function was measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity score and Action Research Arm Test at post-treatment (3 weeks), and at follow-up points (1 and 3 months). No significant between-group differences were found on any of the measures at all time points.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (time-matched occupational therapy upper extremity training, no additional training) in improving upper extremity motor function in patients with acute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (Sin & Lee, 2013) and one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study (Chen et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on dexterity in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Sin & Lee, 2013) randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using Microsoft XBox Kinect + conventional occupational therapy or conventional occupational therapy alone. Dexterity was measured by the Box and Block Test at post-treatment (6 weeks). Significant between-group differences were found, favoring video game training + conventional occupational therapy vs. conventional occupational therapy alone.

The quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study (Chen et al., 2015) assigned patients to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM gaming system, XaviX® Port or conventional equipment; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Dexterity was measured by the Box and Block Test at baseline and at post-treatment (8 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training + conventional occupational therapy is more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional occupational therapy alone) in improving dexterity in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. However, one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study found that upper extremity video game training was not more effective than a comparison intervention (upper extremity training using conventional equipment) in improving dexterity in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Note: In the high quality study the experimental group received greater training time than the control group.

One quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study (Chen et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on functional independence in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study assigned patients to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM gaming system, XaviX® Port or conventional equipment; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Functional independence was measured by the Functional Independence Measure at baseline and at post-treatment (8 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2b) from one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (upper extremity training using conventional equipment) in improving functional independence in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (Givon et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on grip strength in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients to receive upper extremity video game training or conventional rehabilitation exercises. Grip strength was measured by the Jamar Dynamometer (affected and non-affected hands) at post-treatment (3 months) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional exercises) in improving grip strength in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (da Silva Ribeiro et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TM training or conventional physical therapy. Health-related quality of life was measured by the Shoft-Form-36 (SF-36 – total, physical functioning, physical aspects, pain, general health status, vitality, social aspects, emotional aspects, mental health) at post-treatment (2 months). Significant between-group differences were found on only one component of health-related quality of life (SF-36 – physical functioning), favoring conventional physical therapy vs. Nintendo Wii^TM training.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional physical therapy) in improving health-related quality of life in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. In fact, video game training was found to be less effective than physical therapy in improving one component of health-related quality of life (physical functioning).

One quasi-experimental design study (Chen et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on motivation in patients with chronic stroke. This quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study assigned patients to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM gaming system, XaviX®Port or conventional equipment; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Motivation was measured by a motivation and enjoyment interviewer-administered questionnaire at post-treatment (8 weeks). Significant between-group differences were found, favoring both video game systems vs. conventional equipment.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2b) from one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study that upper extremity video game training is more effective than a comparison intervention (upper extremity training using conventional equipment) in improving motivation in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (da Silva Ribeiro et al., 2015) and one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study (Chen et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on motor function in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (da Silva Ribeiro et al., 2015) randomized patients to receive Nintendo Wii^TMtraining or conventional physical therapy. Motor function was measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) at post-treatment (2 months). No significant between-group differences were found.

The quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study (Chen et al., 2015) assigned patients to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM gaming system, XaviX®Port or conventional equipment; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Motor function was measured by the FMA (total score) at post-treatment (8 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. and one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (conventional physical therapy, upper extremity training using conventional equipment) in improving motor function in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (Sin & Lee, 2013) and one quasi-experimental design study (Chen et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity range of motion (ROM) in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Sin & Lee, 2013) randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using Microsoft XBox Kinect + conventional occupational therapy or conventional occupational therapy alone. Upper extremity ROM (shoulder flexion/extension/abduction, elbow flexion, wrist flexion/extension) was measured by goniometer at post-treatment (6 weeks). Significant between-group differences were found (shoulder flexion/extension/abduction, elbow flexion), favoring video game training + conventional occupational therapy vs. conventional occupational therapy alone.

The quasi-experimental designs study (Chen et al., 2015) randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM gaming system, XaviX®Port or conventional equipment; all groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity ROM (proximal: shoulder and elbow; distal: forearm and wrist) was measured by goniometer at post-treatment (8 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training + conventional occupational therapy is more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional occupational therapy alone) in improving upper extremity ROM in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. However, one quasi-experimental designA study in which subjects typically receive differing treatments and outcomes are then compared. No randomization is done in the assignment of treatment groups.
study found that upper extremity video game training was not more effective than a comparison intervention (upper extremity training using conventional equipment) in improving upper extremity ROM in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Note: In the high quality study the experimental group received greater training time than the control group.

One fair quality RCT (Rand et al., 2014) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity activity in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This fair quality RCT randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using video games (Microsoft XBox Kinect, Sony PlayStation 2 EyeToy, Sony PlayStation 3 MOVE, SeeMe VR system) or conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity activity was measured at post-treatment (3 months) according to: (i) number of active/passive purposeful/non-purposeful movement repetitions; and (ii) accelerometer activity count (movement acceleration, intensity) of the affected/unaffected upper extremity. Significant between-group differences were found (active purposeful movements, movement acceleration, intensity of the affected extremity), favoring video game training vs. conventional rehabilitation. In contrast, there were significant between-group differences in active/passive non-purposeful movements, favoring conventional rehabilitation vs. video game training.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCT that upper extremity video game training is more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional rehabilitation) in improving some aspects of upper extremity activity (number of active purposeful movements, movement acceleration and intensity) in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. However, this fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. also found that upper extremity video game training was less effective than conventional rehabilitation in improving number of active/passive non-purposeful movements.

Two high quality RCTs (Sin & Lee, 2013; Givon et al., 2016) and one fair quality RCT (Rand et al., 2014) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity motor function in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The first high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Sin & Lee, 2013) randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using Microsoft XBox Kinect + conventional occupational therapy or conventional occupational therapy alone. Upper extremity motor function was measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity score (FMA-UE) at post-treatment (6 weeks). Significant between-group differences were found, favoring video game training + conventional occupational therapy vs. conventional occupational therapy alone.

The second high quality RCT (Givon et al., 2016) randomized patients to receive upper extremity video game training or conventional exercises. Upper extremity motor function was measured by the Action Research Arm Test at post-treatment (3 months) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

The fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Rand et al., 2014) randomized patients to receive upper extremity training using video games (Microsoft XBox Kinect, Sony PlayStation 2 EyeToy, Sony PlayStation 3 MOVE, SeeMe VR system) or conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity motor function was measured by the FMA-UE at post-treatment (3 months). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is conflicting evidence (Level 4) from two high quality RCTs regarding the effect of upper extremity upper extremity video game training on upper extremity motor function in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. One high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. found that upper extremity upper extremity video game training + conventional occupational therapy was more effective than conventional occupational therapy alone, whereas another high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. and a fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. found that upper extremity video game training was not more effective than conventional exercises or conventional rehabilitation, respectively.
Note: In the high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that found improvement, the experimental group received greater training time than the control group.

One high quality RCT (Givon et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on walking activity level in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients to receive upper extremity video game training or conventional exercises. Walking activity level was measured by an Acticial Minimitter Co. hip accelerometer (number of steps walked/day) at post-treatment (3 months) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional exercises) in improving walking activity level in patients with chronic stroke.

One high quality RCT (Givon et al., 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on walking speed in patients with chronic stroke. This high quality RCT randomized patients to receive upper extremity video game training or conventional exercises. Walking speed was measured by the 10 Meter Walk Test at post-treatment (3 months) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (conventional exercises) in improving walking speed in patients with chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (Choi et al., 2014) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on cognitive function in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or occupational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Cognitive function was measured by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Tests at post-treatment (4 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found on either measure.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCT that upper extremity upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (upper extremity occupational therapy) in improving cognitive function in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

Three high quality RCTs (Choi et al., 2014; McNulty et al., 2015; Saposnik et al., 2016) and one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2010) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on dexterity in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The first high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Choi et al., 2014) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or conventional occupational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Dexterity was measured by the Box and Block Test (BBT) at post-treatment (4 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

The second high quality RCT (McNulty et al., 2015) randomized patients with subacute/chronic stroke to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Dexterity was measured by the BBT and the Grooved Pegboard test at post-treatment (10 days) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found on any measure at either time point.

The third high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Dexterity was measured by the BBT at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (4 weeks post-treatment). Significant between-group differences were found only at post-treatment, favoring recreational therapy vs. video game training.

The fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2010) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Dexterity was measured by the BBT at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (1 month). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is strong evidence (Level 1a) from three high quality RCTs and one fairquality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (conventional occupational therapy, modified constraint induced therapy, recreational therapy) in improving dexterity in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. In fact, one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. found that UE training using gaming was LESS effective than recreational therapy.

Four high quality RCTs (Yavuzer et al., 2008; Choi et al., 2014; Saposnik et al., 2016; Simsek & Cekok, 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on functional independence in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The first high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Yavuzer et al., 2008) randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Playstation EyeToy or sham video game training; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Functional independence was measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM, self-care item) at baseline, post-treatment (4 weeks), and at follow-up (3 months post-treatment). Significant between-group differences in FIM self-care changes scores from baseline to post-treatment and from post-treatment to follow-up were found, favoring video game training vs. sham video game training.

The second high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Choi et al., 2014) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or conventional occupational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Functional independence was measured by the Korean version of the modified Barthel Index (BI) at post-treatment (4 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

The third high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Functional independence was measure by the FIM, the BI and the modified Rankin Scale at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (4 weeks post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found on any measure at either time point.

The forth high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Simsek & Cekok, 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive balance and upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or Bobath Neurodevelopmental treatment. Functional independence was measured by the FIM at post-treatment (10 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is strong evidence (Level 1a) from three high quality RCTs that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (conventional occupational therapy, recreational therapy, Bobath Neurodevelopmental treatment) in improving functional independence in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Note: However, one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. found that upper extremity video game training was more effective than sham video game training.

Two high quality RCTs (Choi et al., 2014; Saposnik et al., 2016) and one fair quality RCT (Saposnik et al., 2010) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on grip strength in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The first high quality RTC (Choi et al., 2014) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or conventional occupational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Grip strength was measured by a dynamometer at post-treatment (4 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

The second high quality RCT (Saposnik et al., 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Grip strength was measured by a dynamometer at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (4 weeks post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

The fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2010) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Grip strength was measured by a dynamometer at post-treatment (2 weeks) and follow-up (1 month). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is strong evidence (Level 1a) from two high quality RCTs and one fairquality RCT that upper extremity upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (conventional occupational therapy, recreational therapy) in improving grip strength in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (Simsek & Cekok, 2016) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on health-related quality of life in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive balance and upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or Bobath Neurodevelopmental treatment. Health-related quality of life was measured by the Nottingham Health Profile at post-treatment (10 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (Bobath neurodevelopmental treatment) in improving health-related quality of life in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (McNulty et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on range of motion (ROM) in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Range of motion at the shoulder (flexion/extension/abduction), elbow (flexion), wrist (flexion/extension) and digits I/II (flexion) was measured by a goniometer at post-treatment (10 days) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCT that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (modified constraint induced therapy) in improving upper extremity range of motion in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (McNulty et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on self-perceived improvement in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Self-perceived improvement was measured by a standardized questionnaire at post-treatment (10 days). No significant between-group differences were found.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCT that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (modified constraint induced therapy) in improving self-perceived improvement in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (McNulty et al., 2015) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on spasticity in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Upper extremity spasticityInvoluntary muscle tightness and stiffness that can occur after a stroke. It is characterized by exaggerated deep tendon reflexes that interfere with muscular activity, gait, movement, or speech. Spasticity can increase initially but wane down later on, after stroke.
was measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale at post-treatment (10 days) and at follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (modified constraint induced therapy) for reducing upper extremity spasticityInvoluntary muscle tightness and stiffness that can occur after a stroke. It is characterized by exaggerated deep tendon reflexes that interfere with muscular activity, gait, movement, or speech. Spasticity can increase initially but wane down later on, after stroke.
in patients with stroke.

One high quality RCT (Saposnik et al., 2016) and one fair quality RCT (Saposnik et al., 2010) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes were measured by the StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. Impact Scale (SIS – hand function, perception of recovery, composite score: strength, hand function, mobility, activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as function.
of daily living/instrumental activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as function.
of daily living) at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (4 weeks post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

The fair quality RCT (Saposnik et al., 2010) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes were measured by the StrokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. Impact Scale (hand function, perception of recovery, composite score: strength, hand function, mobility, activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as function.
of daily living/instrumental activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as function.
of daily living) at post-treatment (2 weeks) and follow-up (1 month post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. and one fairquality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (recreational therapy) in improving strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. outcomes in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

One high quality RCT (McNulty et al., 2015 investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity motor activity in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. This high quality RCT randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Upper extremity motor activity was measured by the Motor Activity Log (Quality of Movement Scale) at post-treatment (10 days) and follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence (Level 1b) from one high quality RCT that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than a comparison intervention (modified constraint induced therapy) in improving upper extremity motor activity in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

Four high quality RCTs (Yavuzer et al., 2008; Choi et al., 2014; McNulty et al., 2015; Saposnik et al., 2016) and one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2010) investigated the effect of upper extremity video game training on upper extremity motor function in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..

The first high quality RCT (Yavuzer et al., 2008) randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Playstation EyeToy or sham video game training; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity motor function was measured by the Brunnstrom Stages (hand, upper extremity) at baseline, post-treatment (4 weeks), and at follow-up (3 months post-treatment). Significant between-group differences in changes scores from baseline to post-treatment were found, favoring video game training vs. sham video game training. These significant differences were not maintained at follow-up.

The second high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Choi et al., 2014) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or conventional occupational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity motor function was measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and the Manual Function Test at post-treatment (4 weeks). No significant between-group differences were found on either measure.

The third high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (McNulty et al., 2015) randomized patients with subacute/chronic strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or modified constraint induced therapy. Upper extremity motor function measured by the Wolf-Motor Function Test (WMFT – time, maximal strength, submaximal strength) and (FMA-UE) at post-treatment (10 days) and follow-up (6 months). No significant between-group differences were found on either measure at ether time point.

The forth high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2016) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity motor function was measured using an abbreviated version of the WMFT at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (4 weeks post-treatment). No significant between-group differences were found at either time point.

The fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. (Saposnik et al., 2010) randomized patients with acute/subacute strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. to receive upper extremity training using Nintendo Wii^TM or recreational therapy; both groups received conventional rehabilitation. Upper extremity motor function was measured using an abbreviated version of the WMFT at post-treatment (2 weeks) and at follow-up (1 month). Significant between-group differences were found at 1-month follow-up only, favoring video game training vs. recreational therapy.

Conclusion: There is strong evidence (Level 1a) from three high quality RCTs that upper extremity video game training is not more effective than comparison interventions (conventional occupational therapy; modified constraint induced therapy, recreational therapy) in improving upper extremity motor function in patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Note: However, one high quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. and one fair quality RCTA randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental design in which subjects are randomly assigned to a treatment group, or to a control (no treatment or alternative treatment) group. Effects of the experimental treatment are then compared statistically to results of the control treatment to determine effectiveness. found that video game training was more effective than comparison interventions (sham video game training, recreational therapy).